中新网评:处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******
中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称,将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对,企图将核污水“一倒了之”,把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。
资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。
因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。
日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
【网络中国节·诗画节气】冬至:冬藏之气,至此而极****** 【网络中国节·诗画节气】 冬至:冬藏之气,至此而极 作者:侯楠楠 冬至到了。《月令七十二候集解》中记载:“冬至,十一月中。终藏之气至此而极也。”古人认为冬至为阴阳交替的时刻,“冬至一阳生,是阳动用而阴复于静也”,从此阴气盛极转衰,阳气开始萌生。冬至三候为“蚯蚓结,麋角解,水泉动”。此时天气仍十分寒冷,因此蚯蚓还蜷缩着身体冬眠;但因阳气初升,山中的泉水开始流动。不过,夏至时“鹿角解”,冬至时“麋角解”,麋与鹿长得那么像,为何分别与两个相反的节气相关?这是因为古人认为鹿角朝前属阳,夏至时阴气初升阳气渐退,鹿角开始脱落;麋角朝后属阴,冬至时阳气初升阴气渐退,麋角开始脱落。
(点击图片观看动态海报) 《敦煌二十四节气》原画出自《不可思议的敦煌·与万物共生长》创作展——最佳创作团队奖「豆荚创意」小朋友们的集体创作。动画制作:满晨 “冬至不端饺子碗,冻掉耳朵没人管”,吃饺子是北方最普遍的冬至习俗,除此之外,北京地区还要吃铜锅涮肉,而西南地区要吃羊肉汤。都说“冬至大如年”,所以冬至又被称为“亚岁”,意思是仅次于过年。三国时期曹植《冬至献袜送表》中说“亚岁迎祥,履长纳庆”,是的,你没看错,曹植这篇文章的标题中隐藏了另一个冬至习俗:给长辈送鞋袜,祝愿父母健康长寿。 “冬至至后日初长”,魏晋时期,皇宫里有用红线量日影的习俗,《岁时广记》中记载,“晋魏间,宫中用红线量日影,冬至后日添长一线”。从周朝开始,君主还要“以冬日至,致天神、人鬼”,即在这一天通过祭祀为国祈福,《史记·封禅书》也记载,君主在冬至日“礼天于南郊,迎长日之至”,可见古代各阶层对于冬至日的重视。 这么大的节日,没有理由不放假。《太平御览》中记载,汉代的冬至假期是五天,“冬至前后,君子安身静体,百官绝事,不听政,择吉辰而后省事”,冬至当天,皇帝还要大宴群臣,请他们欣赏歌舞。到了宋代,《东京梦华录》中记载,“十一月冬至,京师最重此节。虽至贫者,一年之间积累假借,至此日更易新衣,备办饮食,享祀先祖。官放关扑,庆贺往来,一如年节”。不管有没有钱,忙碌了将近一年的老百姓到了冬至这一天,都要买新衣服、置办宴会、祭祀先祖,官方还允许在这天举行关扑这样的民间博彩活动。 冬至过后,就要进入“数九”寒天了。“一九二九不出手;三九四九冰上走;五九六九河开流;七九八九耕牛遍地走,九九燕子来”,这一谚语总结了入九以后的天气变化。如何消磨将近三个月的严冬?古时文人雅士在冬至后,轮流做东,相约聚会,雅集娱乐,谓之“消寒会”,又叫“暖冬会”。据记载,唐朝时,长安有一位巨富王元宝,此人是个社交达人,冬天下大雪的时候,他命仆人将坊巷的积雪打扫干净,自己亲自站到巷口迎接宾客,请客人们到他的家里,大摆宴席,饮酒作乐,称“暖寒之会”。“归来何事添幽致,小灶灯前自煮茶”,近来“围炉煮茶”在年轻人中风靡,成为一种新型社交方式,还真有点像消寒会的“文艺复兴”。 不过,“消寒会”终究是士人阶层的高雅游戏,冬至时节大多数地区已经进入农闲时期,民间发明了“九九消寒图”,用以打发漫长的寒冬。第一种在《帝京景物略》有记载:“日冬至,画素梅一枝,为瓣八十有一,日染一瓣,瓣尽而九九出,则春深矣,曰九九消寒图。”在冬至这一天,用白描的手法画梅花一枝,共八十一片花瓣,每天点染一瓣,当梅花都被点染成胭脂色,冬天也就过去了,正如元代杨允孚《滦京杂咏》中所说:“试数窗间九九图,余寒消尽暖回初。梅花点徧无余白,看到今朝是杏株。”还有一种是书写“庭前垂柳珍重待春风”九字,这九个字的繁体字都是九笔,冬至起每日描红一笔,九九正好描完。古人正是通过这样浪漫的方式,将对春的期待一笔一划留下来。 在诗人眼里,冬至也是个值得创作的主题。杜甫《小至》诗云:“天时人事日相催,冬至阳生春又来。刺绣五纹添弱线,吹葭六琯动浮灰。岸容待腊将舒柳,山意冲寒欲放梅。云物不殊乡国异,教儿且覆掌中杯。”这里面又有个知识点,在“吹葭六琯动浮灰”一句。“葭管吹灰”是古代一种测定节气的方法,古人认为律历同源,把不同尺寸的律管埋入地下一部分,露出一部分。建一处三重的密室,封闭严实,把十二律管按照对应的月份位子埋好,里面装上芦苇烧成的灰,到了相应的节气,则灰就会被从律管中涌出的阳气吹出来。到了冬至,其中最长的那支律管必有灰喷出来,同时还发出“嗡”的一声。这支律管就是黄钟律管,其声响便是黄钟之音。 这么大的节日,人也很容易想家。白居易有一首《邯郸冬至夜》,“邯郸驿里逢冬至,抱膝灯前影伴身。想得家中夜深坐,还应说着远行人”。冬至这一天,白居易在河北的一家酒店里,“抱膝灯前影伴身”,想家,宝宝心里苦,并且宝宝要说出来。白居易觉得,家里人应该此时也在牵挂他吧,这种情理之中的想象,放在这个特殊的时间,令人觉得质朴而深情。 看到这里,还不赶快给家里打个电话吗? 光明网×敦煌画院
(文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() |